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in the name of god Homeopathy is a medical system based on the belief that the body can cure itself. Those who practice it use tiny amounts of natural substances, like plants and minerals. They believe these stimulate the healing process. It was developed in the late 1700s in Germany. It’s common in many European countries, but it’s not quite as popular in the United States.   How Does It Work? A basic belief behind homeopathy is “like cures like.” In other words, something that brings on symptoms in a healthy person can — in a very small dose — treat an illness with similar symptoms. This is meant to trigger the body’s natural defenses. For example, red onion makes your eyes water. That’s why it’s used in homeopathic remedies for allergies. Treatments for other ailments are made from poison ivy, white arsenic, crushed whole bees, and an herb called arnica.   Homeopathic doctors (who also are called “homeopaths”) weaken these ingredients by adding water or alcohol. Then they shake the mixture as part of a process called “potentization.” They believe this step transfers the healing essence. Homeopaths also believe that the lower the dose, the more powerful the medicine. In fact, many of these remedies no longer contain any molecules of the original substance. They come in a variety of forms, like sugar pellets, liquid drops, creams, gels, and tablets. During your appointment, a homeopath will ask a number of questions about your mental, emotional, and physical health. He’ll prescribe the remedy that best matches all of your symptoms. Then he’ll tailor the treatment for you. You can also buy over-the-counter homeopathic remedies at drugstores and health food stores. The dosage and quality of these products depend on the manufacturer. What Conditions Does Homeopathy Treat? It’s used for a wide variety of health issues, including some chronic illnesses:   Allergies Migraines Depression Chronic fatigue syndrome Rheumatoid arthritis Irritable bowel syndrome Premenstrual syndrome   It can also be used for minor issues like bruises, scrapes, toothaches, headaches, nausea, coughs, and colds. Don’t use homeopathic medicine for life-threatening illnesses, like asthma, cancer, and heart disease, or in emergencies. You should also avoid using it in place of vaccines. Some homeopathic products called “nosodes” are marketed as an alternative for vaccines, but there’s no research to prove they’re effective. Does It Work? Research is mixed. Some studies show that homeopathic remedies are helpful, while others don’t. Critics chalk up the benefits to the placebo effect. That’s when symptoms improve because you believe the treatment is working — not because it really is. This can trigger the brain to release chemicals that briefly relieve the pain or other symptoms. Doctors are divided because some of the theories behind homeopathy don’t line up with the principles of chemistry and physics. Scientists argue that a medicine with no active ingredient shouldn’t have an effect on the body. What Are the Risks? The FDA oversees homeopathic remedies. But it doesn’t check to see if they’re safe or effective. In general, most are so watered down that they don’t cause any side effects. But there are exceptions. Homeopathic medicines can contain a large amount of an active ingredient, like a heavy metal, that can be dangerous.   Case in point: In 2016, the FDA issued a warning against using homeopathic teething tablets and gels because of possible health risks to infants and children. If you’re thinking about trying these alternative treatments, talk to your doctor. He can make sure they’re safe and won’t interact with any other medications you’re taking.

in the name of god   Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual’s eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance. Retinal scanning is a different, ocular-based biometric technology that uses the unique patterns on a person’s retina blood vessels and is often confused with iris recognition. Iris recognition uses video camera technology with subtle near infrared illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris which are visible externally. Digital templates encoded from these patterns by mathematical and statistical algorithms allow the identification of an individual or someone pretending to be that individual. Databases of enrolled templates are searched by matcher engines at speeds measured in the millions of templates per second per (single-core) CPU, and with remarkably low false match rates. Several hundred million persons in several countries around the world have been enrolled in iris recognition systems for convenience purposes such as passport-free automated border-crossings and some national ID programs. A key advantage of iris recognition, besides its speed of matching and its extreme resistance to false matches, is the stability of the iris as an internal and protected, yet externally visible organ of the eye. History Although John Daugman developed and patented the first actual algorithms to perform iris recognition, published the first papers about it and gave the first live demonstrations, the concept behind this invention has a much longer history and today it benefits from many other active scientific contributors. In a 1953 clinical textbook, F.H. Adler wrote: “In fact, the markings of the iris are so distinctive that it has been proposed to use photographs as a means of identification, instead of fingerprints.” Adler referred to comments by the British ophthalmologist J.H. Doggart, who in 1949 had written that: “Just as every human being has different fingerprints, so does the minute architecture of the iris exhibit variations in every subject examined. [Its features] represent a series of variable factors whose conceivable permutations and combinations are almost infinite.” Later in the 1980s, two American ophthalmologists, L. Flom and Aran Safir managed to patent Adler’s and Doggart’s conjecture that the iris could serve as a human identifier, but they had no actual algorithm or implementation to perform it and so their patent remained conjecture. The roots of this conjecture stretch back even further: in 1892 the Frenchman A. Bertillon had documented nuances in “Tableau de l’iris humain”. Divination of all sorts of things based on iris patterns goes back to ancient Egypt, to Chaldea in Babylonia, and to ancient Greece, as documented in stone inscriptions, painted ceramic artefacts, and the writings of Hippocrates. (Iris divination persists today, as “iridology.”)   The core theoretical idea in Daugman’s algorithms is that the failure of a test of statistical independence can be a very strong basis for pattern recognition, if there is sufficiently high entropy (enough degrees-of-freedom of random variation) among samples from different classes. In 1994 he patented this basis for iris recognition and its underlying computer vision algorithms for image processing, feature extraction, and matching, and published them in a paper. These algorithms became widely licensed through a series of companies: IriScan (a start-up founded by Flom, Safir, and Daugman), Iridian, Sarnoff, Sensar, LG-Iris, Panasonic, Oki, BI2, IrisGuard, Unisys, Sagem, Enschede, Securimetrics and L-1, now owned by French company Morpho. With various improvements over the years, these algorithms remain today the basis of all significant public deployments of iris recognition, and they are consistently top performers in NIST tests (implementations submitted by L-1, MorphoTrust and Morpho, for whom Daugman serves as Chief Scientist for Iris Recognition). But research on many aspects of this technology and on alternative methods has exploded, and today there is a rapidly growing academic literature on optics, photonics, sensors, biology, genetics, ergonomics, interfaces, decision theory, coding, compression, protocol, security, mathematical and hardware aspects of this technology.   Most flagship deployments of these algorithms have been at airports, in lieu of passport presentation, and for security screening using watch-lists. In the early years of this century, major deployments began at Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport and at ten UK airport terminals allowing frequent travellers to present their iris instead of their passport, in a programme called IRIS: Iris Recognition Immigration System. Similar systems exist along the US / Canada border, and many others. In the United Arab Emirates, all 32 air, land, and seaports deploy these algorithms to screen all persons entering the UAE requiring a visa. Because a large watch-list compiled among GCC States is exhaustively searched each time, the number of iris cross-comparisons climbed to 62 trillion in 10 years. The Government of India is enrolling the iris codes (as well as fingerprints) of one billion or more residents for national ID and fraud prevention in entitlements distribution. As of April 2016 the UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) had enrolled more than 1 billion persons in this biometric programme. Iris is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by ICAO for use in e-passports (the other two are fingerprint and face recognition). Visible vs near infrared imaging All publicly deployed iris recognition systems acquire images of an iris while being illuminated by light in the near infrared wavelength band (NIR: 700–900 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The majority of persons worldwide have “dark brown eyes”, the dominant phenotype of the human population, revealing less visible texture in the VW band but appearing richly structured, like the cratered surface of the moon, in the NIR band. (Some examples are shown below) Using the NIR spectrum also enables the blocking of corneal specular reflections from a bright ambient environment, by allowing only those NIR wavelengths from the narrow-band illuminator back into the iris camera.   Iris melanin, also known as chromophore, mainly consists of two distinct heterogeneous macromolecules, called eumelanin (brown–black) and pheomelanin (yellow–reddish), whose absorbance at longer wavelengths in the NIR spectrum is negligible. At shorter wavelengths within the VW spectrum, however, these chromophores are excited and can yield rich patterns. Hosseini, et al. provide a comparison between these two imaging modalities. An alternative feature extraction method to encode VW iris images was also introduced, which may offer an alternative approach for multi-modal biometric systems. Operating principle First the system has to localize the inner and outer boundaries of the iris (pupil and limbus) in an image of an eye. Further subroutines detect and exclude eyelids, eyelashes, and specular reflections that often occlude parts of the iris. The set of pixels containing only the iris, normalized by a rubber-sheet model to compensate for pupil dilation or constriction, is then analyzed to extract a bit pattern encoding the information needed to compare two iris images.   In the case of Daugman’s algorithms, a Gabor wavelet transform is used. The result is a set of complex numbers that carry local amplitude and phase information about the iris pattern. In Daugman’s algorithms, most amplitude information is discarded, and the 2048 bits representing an iris pattern consist of phase information (complex sign bits of the Gabor wavelet projections). Discarding the amplitude information ensures that the template remains largely unaffected by changes in illumination or camera gain, and contributes to the long-term usability of the biometric template.   For identification (one-to-many template matching) or verification (one-to-one template matching), a template created by imaging an iris is compared to stored template(s) in a database. If the Hamming distance is below the decision threshold, a positive identification has effectively been made because of the statistical extreme improbability that two different persons could agree by chance (“collide”) in so many bits, given the high entropy of iris templates. Advantages The iris of the eye has been described as the ideal part of the human body for biometric identification for several reasons: It is an internal organ that is well protected against damage and wear by a highly transparent and sensitive membrane (the cornea). This distinguishes it from fingerprints, which can be difficult to recognize after years of certain types of manual labor. The iris is mostly flat, and its geometric configuration is only controlled by two complementary muscles (the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae) that control the diameter of the pupil. This makes the iris shape far more predictable than, for instance, that of the face.   The iris has a fine texture that—like fingerprints—is determined randomly during embryonic gestation. Like the fingerprint, it is very hard (if not impossible) to prove that the iris is unique. However, there are so many factors that go into the formation of these textures (the iris and fingerprint) that the chance of false matches for either is extremely low. Even genetically identical individuals (and the left and right eyes of the same individual) have completely independent iris textures. An iris scan is similar to taking a photograph and can be performed from about 10 cm to a few meters away. There is no need for the person being identified to touch any equipment that has recently been touched by a stranger, thereby eliminating an objection that has been raised in some cultures against fingerprint scanners, where a finger has to touch a surface, or retinal scanning, where the eye must be brought very close to an eyepiece (like looking into a microscope).   The commercially deployed iris-recognition algorithm, John Daugman’s IrisCode, has an unprecedented false match rate (better than 10−11 if a Hamming distance threshold of 0.26 is used, meaning that up to 26% of the bits in two IrisCodes are allowed to disagree due to imaging noise, reflections, etc., while still declaring them to be a match). While there are some medical and surgical procedures that can affect the colour and overall shape of the iris, the fine texture remains remarkably stable over many decades. Some iris identifications have succeeded over a period of about 30 years. Iris recognition works with clear contact lenses, eyeglasses, and non-mirrored sunglasses. Shortcomings Many commercial iris scanners can be easily fooled by a high quality image of an iris or face in place of the real thing. The scanners are often tough to adjust and can become bothersome for multiple people of different heights to use in succession. The accuracy of scanners can be affected by changes in lighting. Iris scanners are significantly more expensive than some other forms of biometrics, as well as password and proximity card security systems.   Iris recognition is very difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters and if the person to be identified is not cooperating by holding the head still and looking into the camera. However, several academic institutions and biometric vendors are developing products that claim to be able to identify subjects at distances of up to 10 meters (“Standoff Iris” or “Iris at a Distance” as well as SRI International’s “Iris on the Move” for persons walking at speeds up to 1 meter/sec).   As with other photographic biometric technologies, iris recognition is susceptible to poor image quality, with associated failure to enroll rates. As with other identification infrastructure (national residents databases, ID cards, etc.), civil rights activists have voiced concerns that iris-recognition technology might help governments to track individuals beyond their will. Researchers have tricked iris scanners using images generated from digital codes of stored irises. Criminals could exploit this flaw to steal the identities of others.   The first study on surgical patients involved modern cataract surgery and showed that it can change iris texture in such a way that iris pattern recognition is no longer feasible or the probability of falsely rejected subjects is increased. Security considerations As with most other biometric identification technology, an important consideration is live-tissue verification. The reliability of any biometric identification depends on ensuring that the signal acquired and compared has actually been recorded from a live body part of the person to be identified and is not a manufactured template. Many commercially available iris-recognition systems are easily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a face instead of a real face, which makes such devices unsuitable for unsupervised applications, such as door access-control systems. However, this is not the case with all iris recognition algorithms. The problem of live-tissue verification is less of a concern in supervised applications (e.g., immigration control), where a human operator supervises the process of taking the picture.   Methods that have been suggested to provide some defence against the use of fake eyes and irises include changing ambient lighting during the identification (switching on a bright lamp), such that the pupillary reflex can be verified and the iris image be recorded at several different pupil diameters; analysing the 2D spatial frequency spectrum of the iris image for the peaks caused by the printer dither patterns found on commercially available fake-iris contact lenses; analysing the temporal frequency spectrum of the image for the peaks caused by computer displays.   Other methods include using spectral analysis instead of merely monochromatic cameras to distinguish iris tissue from other material; observing the characteristic natural movement of an eyeball (measuring nystagmus, tracking eye while text is read, etc.); testing for retinal retroreflection (red-eye effect) or for reflections from the eye’s four optical surfaces (front and back of both cornea and lens) to verify their presence, position and shape. Another proposed method is to use 3D imaging (e.g., stereo cameras) to verify the position and shape of the iris relative to other eye features.   A 2004 report by the German Federal Office for Information Security noted that none of the iris-recognition systems commercially available at the time implemented any live-tissue verification technology. Like any pattern-recognition technology, live-tissue verifiers will have their own false-reject probability and will therefore further reduce the overall probability that a legitimate user is accepted by the sensor. Iris recognition in television and movies I Origins (2014), a Hollywood film by writer-director Mike Cahill and winner of the Alfred Sloan Award for best exposition of technology (2014 Sundance Film Festival), uses iris recognition for its core plot. Culminating in India with the UIDAI project to encode and enroll the iris patterns of one billion or more Indian residents by the end of 2015, the film is described as a “science fiction love story incorporating spiritualism and reincarnation”, seeking to reconcile science with religious spirit-world beliefs. Steven Spielberg’s 2002 science fiction film Minority Report depicts a society in which what appears to be a form of iris recognition has become daily practice. The principal character undergoes an eye transplant in order to change his identity but continues to use his original eyes to gain access to restricted locations. In The Island (2005), a clone character played by Ewan McGregor uses his eye to gain access through a security door in the home of his DNA donor. The Simpsons Movie (2007) features a scene that illustrates the difficulty of image acquisition in iris recognition. The TV series Numb3rs, features a scene where a robber gets into the CalSci facility by cracking the code assigned to a specific iris. NCIS uses an iris scanner in the garage, where forensic vehicle investigations are carried out and evidence is stored. There is another scanner at the entrance to MTAC. The sequence of Leroy Jethro Gibbs being verified is shown in the title sequence. The imagery for this sequence has been “enhanced” using special effects. Iris recognition systems do not use the laser like beams shown in the sequence and the light that they do use is near-infrared and nearly invisible. The 2010 film RED includes a scene where Bruce Willis’ character uses a contact lens to pass an iris scan and gain access to CIA headquarters.  

in the name of god Causes of underweight Desperate to gain weight? In this article, DietDoc takes a closer look at underweight and factors that may be causing it. More and more Health24 readers are “desperate to gain weight”. Because of this upsurge in interest in people who do not want or need to lose weight, but in contrast struggle to gain and retain weight, we take an in-depth look at this nutritional problem. In this article, we consider how underweight is defined and what may be causing it. Definition of underweight Anyone who is 15 to 20% below the normal weight for age and height is classified as underweight, according to Krause (2000). In real terms, this means that if you are an average woman between the ages of 25 and 50, and you are about 1.63 metres tall, your weight should be approximately 59 kg if you are not underweight.   As soon as your body weight falls to 50 kg (-9 kg or -15%), or even 47 kg (-12 kg or -20%), you are underweight. Expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI), our standard woman weighing 59 kg would have a BMI of 22. As her weight drops, her BMI would reduce to 18,8 (-15% of body weight), which is just still within the normal range, or 17,7 (-20% of body weight), which is below the normal range.   For a man aged 25 to 50 years, with an average height of 1,76 metres, a normal body weight with a healthy BMI of 23 would be 71 kg. Reductions of -15% and -20% of body weight would reduce our standard man’s weight to 60 kg and 57 kg, with BMIs of 19,4 and 18,4 respectively. Causes Underweight can be caused by a variety of factors, some of which are psychological, while others are physical.   Physical causes of underweight   Many illnesses can cause temporary weight loss. If you have had a bad dose of flu, accompanied by a high temperature, you may lose a few kilos, but you will probably gain back those kilos once you are well again. There are five major medical reasons for pronounced weight loss and underweight: Hyperthyroidism   The thyroid gland, which produces the hormone thyroxine, is often regarded as the ‘conductor’ of the ‘orchestra of the body’. If your thyroid hormone production is normal, all will be well with your health, metabolism and weight.   If, however, the function of your thyroid gland is disturbed so that it produces too much thyroid hormone, your metabolism and many body functions such a heartbeat, body temperature, etc., will be deranged and you will experience pronounced weight loss.   This condition, which is called hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, or overactive thyroid, is associated with symptoms such as: enlarged thyroid gland causing a ‘goitre’ or bulging at the base of the neck, nervousness, tiredness, loss of weight despite adequate intakes of food, increased body temperature with excessive sweating, increased heart rate, and in some patients, exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs).   If you experience sudden weight loss accompanied by any of the above-mentioned symptoms such as goitre, excessive sweating and tiredness, you need to have a medical examination and thyroid function tests. Cancer   Malignancy or cancer can also be associated with rapid weight loss, tiredness, lack of appetite, nausea, and inability to gain weight.   Because malignancies are so serious, it is important to have your doctor give you a thorough examination and have blood and other tests done to determine if you could be suffering from conditions such as leukemia, or other types of cancer. Tuberculosis   Tuberculosis, or TB, is very common in South Africa. This is a wasting disease that is accompanied by rapid weight loss, coughing, night sweats, tiredness and malaise.   Once again, you urgently need to find out if the weight loss you experience is due to TB, so that you can receive the appropriate treatment.   Diabetes   Although many patients with insulin resistance and diabetes tend to suffer from overweight, excessive weight loss, tiredness, excessive thirst and urination, are also symptoms of diabetes.   Patients displaying these symptoms need to have their blood glucose and insulin levels tested to see if they suffer from diabetes. This is particularly significant in families with a hereditary tendency to diabetes.   HIV/Aids   Probably the main cause of wasting or excessive weight loss in South African patients is HIV/Aids. This condition, also initially called ‘slim disease’, causes pronounced weight loss and hampers weight gain.   If you suspect that you may be living with HIV/Aids and your weight keeps on dropping even when you eat large quantities of food, you should have an HIV test as soon as possible.   With the correct medication and diet, you will be able to halt the progression of this disease and improve your survival rate and quality of life.   Psychological causes of underweight   Besides anorexia and/or bulimia (which are not the subjects of our discussion today), one of the most important causes of underweight is depression.   Patients suffering from depression not only often have a reduced appetite, but they may actively lose weight at an alarming rate. If you have any reason to believe that you may be suffering from depression, it is essential to get help as fast as possible from clinical psychologists or psychiatrists to stop your weight loss.   Other symptoms that may point towards depression are moodiness, tiredness, an overpowering urge to sleep all day, inability to do simple daily tasks, a feeling that ‘life is not worth living’ and ideas of suicide.   Other factors   There are also a number of other factors that could be causing weight loss or hampering weight gain, namely:   Medication – many medicines either suppress appetite or actually cause weight loss. Check with your pharmacist if you have recently started a new medication and now are losing weight without wanting to. Excessive exercise – you may well be overdoing your exercise sessions to such an extent that your diet cannot keep up with the increased demands. Excessive stress – individuals who are very stressed may stop eating due to a lack of appetite, nausea or being preoccupied with their worries. Enzyme deficiencies – deficiencies of digestive enzymes and/or stomach acid may also hamper digestion and absorption of food thus causing weight loss. Other medical conditions such as coeliac disease (gluten allergy), or cystic fibrosis are associated with inability to gain weight. If you struggle to gain weight or suddenly experience unexplained weight loss, consult a medical doctor for a checkup. The doctor will test you for overactive thyroid, malignancies, TB, diabetes mellitus, HIV/Aids, enzyme deficiencies, coeliac disease, cystic fibrosis and any other physical condition that could be hampering weight gain.   In addition, your doctor should be able to pick up if you are depressed or excessively anxious or stressed, and send you for appropriate psychotherapy, or prescribe antidepressants or anxiolytics.   Medical treatment of these illnesses in conjunction with the appropriate diet will assist with weight gain. – (Dr Ingrid van Heerden, DietDoc)   Reference : www.health24.com

in the name of god   Homemade Skin Care and Body Care Natural Ingredients Learn about the beauty benefits of natural organic herbs and oils in your homemade beauty recipes for skin care and hair care spa products.   Jasmine is good for all types of skin conditions. It is mild and refreshing. The aroma has a relaxing, calming quality that creates a sense of peace and security. Good for mental stress and tension, reducing anxiety or depression. Jasmine is also good for eczema, and is ideal for greasy, dry, sensitive and irritated skin conditions.   Lavender has been used for thousands of years for various skin conditions and was highly valued for its antiseptic properties making it ideal for skin care. It helps prevent the build up of sebum, oils in the skin that bacteria feed on. Lavender promotes tissue regeneration and keeps the skin supple. Good for all skin types and skin conditions. It helps reduce and prevent scarring, wrinkles, and stretch marks. The aroma is uplifting and encouraging, and is good for depression and relieving nervous tension. It is also helpful for rheumatism and arthritis pain. Relieves tension and stress and soothes sore muscles and joints.   Geranium has been used for thousands of years to maintain skin health. It is especially good for oily skin. It enlivens, restores the condition of the skin. Valued for its antiseptic properties making it ideal for skin care, preventing the build up of sebum, oils in the skin that bacteria feed on. It is said to promote tissue regeneration and to keep the skin supple, and was traditionally used to treat such skin conditions as dermatitis, acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It improves circulation and is emotionally uplifting. Good for depression.   Cranberry eases joint pain, and the aroma is delightfully sweet and deeply relaxing.   Ginger, Clove, Cinnamon and cinnamon leaf all have antibacterial properties and generate warmth by increasing circulation. Good for oily skin conditions. May irritate those with very sensitive skin.   Rosemary has antiseptic and antibacterial qualities and the aroma helps to create balance by calming the nerves, enhancing mental clarity and strengthening the endocrine system. It was traditionally used to ease arthritis and joint pain, hair loss, and for respiratory relief. Helps overcome mental fatigue and improves memory by producing clarity and focus.   Lemongrass relieves nervous exhaustion, reduce stress, muscular pain, poor circulation, and opens pores. Has great benefits as a muscle and skin toner, assists in clearing up oily skin, and revitalizes the body and mind.   Patchouli tightens loose or sagging skin, helps with fluid retention, good for chapped skin, and helps prevent wrinkles. Its aroma is relaxing and calming.   Ylang Ylang, dubbed the “flower of flowers”, gives a powerful and gentle cleansing with a deep relaxing effect. It is good for all types of skin conditions and is mild and refreshing. The aroma is deeply relaxing, creating a sense of peace and security. Good for mental stress, tension and depression.   Rose and Rose Otto oil has been used for thousands of years for a variety of skin conditions and is referred to as the “Queen of flowers.” It is highly valued for its antiseptic properties making it ideal for skin care. It helps prevent the build up of sebum, oils in the skin that bacteria feed on. Promotes tissue regeneration and helps keep the skin supple. It is good for all skin conditions and helps reduce and prevent scarring and wrinkles. Its aroma is calming and relaxing, and is good for easing stress, tension and depression.   Rosewood inhibits bacterial growth due to its antibacterial, anti viral, and anti fungal properties. Soothes and restores elasticity to the skin while deeply nourishing it. The aroma brings balances and improves concentration.   Sea Salt cleanses the skin and replenishes trace minerals lost from bathing, swimming and perspiration. It relieves tension and stress and soothes sore muscles and stiff joints. Provides the “graininess” needed to polish the skin and is more exfoliating than sugar. Polishing the skin increases blood circulation while stimulating and eliminating toxins. Can be blended with any essential oil.   Sandalwood is beneficial for dry and dehydrated skin, and helps counter depression, stress and nervous tension. Stimulates the pineal gland, which is the center of emotions releasing the antioxidant hormone, melatonin. It is especially helpful for insomnia, bringing about deep sleep at night. It is calming and releases nervous tension.   Tea Tree Oil has powerful but gentle antibacterial and antiseptic properties. It is said to be good for arthritis, warts, athlete’s foot, psoriasis, carbuncles, acne, rashes, toe and fingernail fungus, eczema and boils. It is also good for muscle and joint pain. Cleans and disinfects.   Citrus oils of Sweet Orange, Lemon Citrus lemon, Tangerine Citrus, Grapefruit Citrus, Lime Citrus, Mandarin Citrus, Neroli – orange blossom Citrus, Grapeseed, etc. have astringent, antiseptic and antibacterial properties and are good for the removal of old skin cells. When citrus oils are combined with sea salt they are even more exfoliating. Citrus oils have been used traditionally to dissolve fats and oils that build up in the skin. They are especially good for dull, oily skin and acne. They also help, over time, to dissolve cellulite, reduce wrinkles and cleanse the skin pores. All citrus oils are uplifting, brightening, and refreshing. All are widely used in skin care for cleansing the skin, strengthening the nails and reducing wrinkles. They also help dissolve cellulite, reduce stretch marks and fluid retention, as they tighten and tone the skin. When combined with lavender they are very soothing. Do not go into direct sunlight after using citrus oils, as they react to the sun’s ultraviolet rays.   Kombu – or Kelp – helps to cleanse the skin pores and provide nutrient rich minerals to the skin, which is often depleted from frequent bathing, showering, swimming or perspiration. The minerals in kombu help break down fats or excessive oils that build up in the skin. Some research has even shown seaweed to regenerate skin cells when used topically. Kombu/sea salt baths can be helpful over time in breaking down cellulite, and it’s also exfoliating by removing old skin cells. Use once or twice per week or as needed. It is also good for relieving tension and stress, and to soothe aching muscles and stiff joints.   Castor oil acts as a skin cleansing agent. It can be drying. If your skin is oily, use more castor oil as opposed to your other ingredients. And vise versa if your skin is dry.   Olive oil also acts as a cleansing agent and is rich in antioxidants and helps help free radical damage. Great for wrinkles!   Sandalwood Essential Oil has an astringent effect on oily skin and helps soothe irritated skin. Use sandalwood in facial blends to help balance the skin. Also helpful for removing wrinkles and scars.   Chamomile Powdered Herbal Extract is used for its anti-inflammatory properties. When added to cream and lotion formulations, chamomile powdered extract soothes irritated skin and reduces redness and swelling due to rashes or other irritations.   Epsom Salts Pure mineral compound, and is also known as magnesium sulfate in a crystal form. Gently exfoliates skin and smooths rough patches. Magnesium has been shown to detoxify, ease stress, relax muscles, relieve soreness, lower blood pressure, and help create a happy relaxed feeling.   Peppermint essential oil One of the most popular essential oils and for good reason. It has a wide range of healing properties for a wide range of ailments. The list of ailments peppermint can help cure are endless but here is a small sample of what that list includes:   relieves headache quickly can help with mild anxiety attacks and reduce nausea helps in the relief of poison ivy and hives when applied directly to the skin helps with coughs and colds and clearing up sinus problems helps relieve achy feet or muscle aches As you can see Peppermint is an extraordinary plant with wonderful healing properties!   Tea Tree Essential Oil is helpful within acne products and can help fight cold sores and heal wounds.   Green Tea Leaf Powdered Herbal Extract is a powerful antioxidant that helps rejuvenate the skin, prevent damage from the sun and promote elasticity. Perfect in anti-aging creams and cleansers.   Carrot seed essential oil is used primarily for its healing properties and effects on the skin. It stimulates circulation, repairs and tones the skin, increases elasticity, reduces the formation of wrinkles, and scars. Use in any anti-aging cleansers, creams, and treatments and you’ll get great results!   Sweet almond oil is a great emollient for softening and conditioning the skin and hair. It is well suited for eczema, psoriasis and itchy, dry and inflamed skin. It is rich in essential fatty acids and vitamins A, B1, B2, B6 and E.   Apricot kernel oil is a light, yet emollient oil that is high in oleic and linoleic acids. It is recommended for mature skin, sensitive skin and skin that is inflamed, irritated or dry.   Avocado oil has been used in African skin treatments for centuries. This highly therapeutic oil is rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, B5 (Panthothenic acid), Vitamin D, E, minerals, protein, lecithin and fatty acids. It is a useful, penetrating nutrient for dry skin and eczema. Avocado oil is said to have healing and regenerating qualities.   Pomegranate seed oil is remarkable ability to nourish, moisturize and improve skin elasticity. It is high in lipids including pucinic acid and is effective in treating dry skin, eczema, psoriasis and sunburned skin. Studies have shown that pomegranate oil is effective at killing cancer cells when applied topically.   Grapeseed Oil Glides well on the skin, has moisturizing properties, and appears to assist with skin repair. It has mild astringent and antiseptic qualities.   Jojoba oil is highly penetrating and closely resembles the natural sebum within our skin. Use jojoba in facial blends to remove excess oils and to help balance the skin’s natural oil. You can also substitute the olive oil for Jojoba oil for normal to oily skin.   Strawberry Seed Oil is an ideal ingredient for inclusion in anti-aging formulations and products intended for dry or damaged skin.   Coconut oil is useful in formulations for dry, itchy, sensitive skin. It will not clog pores, and it absorbs readily into the skin.   Hazelnut oil is a light, penetrating oil that is slightly astringent. It is a suitable addition to formulations intended to be used on acne prone skin. Hazelnut oil is high in essential fatty acids and is soothing and healing to dry, irritated skin.   Flax seed oil is a nourishing addition to formulations intended to help treat eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, acne and aging skin. Flax seeds are a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) an the Omega-3 series of essential fatty acids.   Shea Butter Contains a natural latex, people with latex allergies should avoid this. Widely used as a body lotion by itself or added to lotions. Been found to be one of the best moisturizers.   Spearmint essential oil Helps in digestion and relieves muscle spasms. Used for colic, hiccups, fever and upper respiratory problems. When used in a cream it can help with itching. Spearmint has almost as many beneficial qualities as peppermint. Used as an antiseptic, insecticide, restorative and stimulant.   Sugars (white and brown) A gentler exfoliant than sea salt and is ideal for sensitive skin. Soothes, smoothes, and moisturizes

به نام خدا Overview Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It’s diagnosed after you’ve gone 12 months without a menstrual period. Menopause can happen in your 40s or 50s, but the average age is 51 in the United States. Menopause is a natural biological process. But the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or affect emotional health. There are many effective treatments available, from lifestyle adjustments to hormone therapy. Symptoms In the months or years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), you might experience these signs and symptoms: Irregular periods Vaginal dryness Hot flashes Chills Night sweats Sleep problems Mood changes Weight gain and slowed metabolism Thinning hair and dry skin Loss of breast fullness Symptoms, including changes in menstruation, are different for every woman. Most likely, you’ll experience some irregularity in your periods before they end. Skipping periods during perimenopause is common and expected. Often, menstrual periods will skip a month and return, or skip several months and then start monthly cycles again for a few months. Periods also tend to happen on shorter cycles, so they are closer together. Despite irregular periods, pregnancy is possible. If you’ve skipped a period but aren’t sure you’ve started the menopausal transition, consider a pregnancy test. When to see a doctor Keep up with regular visits with your doctor for preventive health care and any medical concerns. Continue getting these appointments during and after menopause. Preventive health care as you age may include recommended health screening tests, such as colonoscopy, mammography and triglyceride screening. Your doctor might recommend other tests and exams, too, including thyroid testing if suggested by your history, and breast and pelvic exams. Always seek medical advice if you have bleeding from your vagina after menopause. Causes Menopause can result from Natural decline of reproductive hormones. As you approach your late 30s, your ovaries start making less estrogen and progesterone — the hormones that regulate menstruation — and your fertility declines. In your 40s, your menstrual periods may become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent, until eventually — on average, by age 51 — your ovaries stop producing eggs, and you have no more periods. A hysterectomy that removes your uterus but not your ovaries usually doesn’t cause immediate menopause. Although you no longer have periods, your ovaries still release eggs and produce estrogen and progesterone. But surgery that removes both your uterus and your ovaries (total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy) does cause immediate menopause. Your periods stop immediately, and you’re likely to have hot flashes and other menopausal signs and symptoms, which can be severe, as these hormonal changes occur abruptly rather than over several years. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These cancer therapies can induce menopause, causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or shortly after the course of treatment. The halt to menstruation (and fertility) is not always permanent following chemotherapy, so birth control measures may still be desired. Primary ovarian insufficiency. About 1 percent of women experience menopause before age 40 (premature menopause). Menopause may result from primary ovarian insufficiency — when your ovaries fail to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones — stemming from genetic factors or autoimmune disease. But often no cause can be found. For these women, hormone therapy is typically recommended at least until the natural age of menopause in order to protect the brain, heart and bones. Complications After menopause, your risk of certain medical conditions increases. Examples include: Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. When your estrogen levels decline, your risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women as well as in men. So it’s important to get regular exercise, eat a healthy diet and maintain a normal weight. Ask your doctor for advice on how to protect your heart, such as how to reduce your cholesterol or blood pressure if it’s too high. This condition causes bones to become brittle and weak, leading to an increased risk of fractures. During the first few years after menopause, you may lose bone density at a rapid rate, increasing your risk of osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are especially susceptible to fractures of their spine, hips and wrists. Urinary incontinence. As the tissues of your vagina and urethra lose elasticity, you may experience frequent, sudden, strong urges to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine (urge incontinence), or the loss of urine with coughing, laughing or lifting (stress incontinence). You may have urinary tract infections more often. Strengthening pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises and using a topical vaginal estrogen may help relieve symptoms of incontinence. Hormone therapy may also be an effective treatment option for menopausal urinary tract and vaginal changes which can result in urinary incontinence. Sexual function. Vaginal dryness from decreased moisture production and loss of elasticity can cause discomfort and slight bleeding during sexual intercourse. Also, decreased sensation may reduce your desire for sexual activity (libido). Water-based vaginal moisturizers and lubricants may help. If a vaginal lubricant isn’t enough, many women benefit from the use of local vaginal estrogen treatment, available as a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. Weight gain. Many women gain weight during the menopausal transition and after menopause because metabolism slows. You may need to eat less and exercise more, just to maintain your current weight. یائسگی زمانی است که دوره قاعدگی شما بطور کامل تمام می شود . این موضوع زمانی تشخیص داده می شود زمانیکه 12 ماه قاعدگی انجام نشود . یائسگی می تواند در 40 یا 50 سالگی رخ دهد ، اما سن متوسط در 51 سالگی رخ می دهد . یائسگی یک فرایند بیولوژیکی طبیعی است . اما نشانه های فیزیکی ، مانند گرگرفتگی است و علایم عاطفی یائسگی ممکن است باعث اختلالات خواب شما شود ، انرژی شما را کاهش دهد و یا بر بهداشت روانی شما تاثیر بگذارد . اما درمان های بسیاری وجود دارد که از جمله آن تغییر شیوه زندگی شما با روش هرمون درمانی است . علائم در ماه ها یا سال های پیش از یائسگی ، ممکن است این علائم و نشانه ها را تجربه کنید : دوره های نامنظم خشکی واژن گرگرفتگی لرز عرق شبانه مشکلات خواب تغییرات خلق و خوی افزایش وزن و کاهش متابولیسم ریزش مو و خشکی پوست از دست دادن احساس پری سینه علائم ، از جمله تغییرات در قاعدگی ، برای هر زن متفاوت است . به احتمال زیاد ، قبل از پایان دادن به قاعدگی ، بعضی از ناهنجاری ها را تجربه خواهید کرد . نامنظم بودن دوره های پریود در شروع زمان یایسگی برای تمام بانوان اتفاق می افتد . اغلب ، دوره های قاعدگی یک ماه جست و خیزانجام می شود یا بطور نامنظم چند ماه قطع شده و سپس سیکل ماهانه دوباره برای چند ماه شروع می شود . دوره ها نیز در زمان های کوتاهتر اتفاق می افتند . با وجود دوره های نامنظم ، بارداری امکان پذیر است . اگر دوره ای را گذرانده اید اما مطمئن نیستید که یایسگی را آغاز کرده اید ، تست حاملگی را انجام دهید . علل یائسگی ممکن است از : کاهش طبیعی هورمونهای تولید مثل : همانطور که به انتهای 30 سالگی خود نزدیک می شوید ، تخمدانها شروع به ساخت استروژن و پروژسترون کمتر می کنند و هورمون هایی که قاعدگی را تنظیم می کنند باروری شما کاهش می دهند . در 40 سالگی ، دورههای قاعدگی شما ممکن است طولانیتر یا کوتاهتر، سنگینتر یا سبکتر باشند تا زمانی که نهایتا به در حدود سنی 51 سالگی تخمدانها تخمکسازی خود را متوقف می کنند و دورههای عادت ماهانه شما به اتمام می رسد . هیسترکتومی : هیسترکتومی به عمل حذف رحم گفته می شود اما تخمدان ها برداشته نمی شود و در نتیجه معمولا یائسگی فوری به وجود نمی آید . گرچه ممکن است دیگر دوره ماهانه نداشته باشید اما تخمدانها هنوز تخمک را آزاد می کنند و پروژسترون و استروژن تولید می شود . اما جراحی که رحم و تخمدانها را بطور کامل حذف می کند (هیسترکتومی کامل و اووفورکتومی دوطرفه) منجر به یائسگی فوری می شود و دوره های شما بلافاصله متوقف می شوند و بدن شما شروع به نشان دادن علائم یائسگی می کند مانند گر گرفتگی که البته می تواند بسیار شدید هم باشد زیرا این تغییرات هورمونی به طور ناگهانی رخ داده و نه . شیمی درمانی و پرتودرمانی : این درمان های سرطان می تواند باعث یائسگی و باعث بروز علائم مانند گرگرفتگی در طول درمان و یا مدت کوتاهی پس از دوره درمان شود . متوقف شدن قاعدگی و باروری همیشه پس از شیمی درمانی دائمی نیست ، بنابراین ممکن است بارداری اتفاق بیوفتد . نارسایی اولیه تخمدان : حدود 1 درصد از زنان ، یائسگی قبل از 40 سالگی (یائسگی زودرس) را تجربه می کنند . یائسگی ممکن است ناشی از نارسایی اولیه تخمدان باشد ، زمانی که تخمدانها قادر به تولید سطح طبیعی هورمونهای تولید مثل نیستند که این موضوع ناشی از عوامل ژنتیکی و یا بیماری های خودایمنی است . اما اغلب علت را نمی توان پیدا کرد . برای این زنان ، بطور معمول تا سن طبیعی یائسگی هورمون درمان توصیه می شود تا بتواند بدن را در حفظ استخوان و مغز و قلب یاری کند . عوارض جانبی پس از یائسگی ، خطر ابتلا به بیماری های خاص  در شما افزایش می یابد . بطور مثال عبارتند از : بیماری قلبی و عروقی (قلب و عروق) : هنگامی که میزان استروژن شما کاهش می یابد خطر ابتلا به بیماری قلبی عروقی افزایش می یابد . بیماری قلبی عامل اصلی مرگ در زنان و مردان است . بنابراین ورزش منظم ، خوردن یک رژیم غذایی سالم و حفظ وزن طبیعی پس از یائسگی بسیار مهم است . پوکی استخوان : یائسگی باعث می شود که استخوان ها شکننده و ضعیف شوند که منجر به افزایش خطر شکستگی می شود . در طی چند سال اول پس از یائسگی ممکن است تراکم استخوان ها به سرعت کاهش یابد و خطر ابتلا به پوکی استخوان افزایش می یابد . زنان مبتلا به پوکی استخوان عموما در معرض شکستگی های ستون فقرات ، ناحیه کمر و مچ دست قرار می گیرند . عملکرد جنسی : خشکی واژن به دلیل کاهش تولید رطوبت و از دست دادن کشش می تواند باعث ناراحتی و خونریزی جزئی در طی رابطه جنسی شود . همچنین احساس خستگی ممکن است میل شما را برای فعالیت جنسی (میل جنسی) کاهش دهد . افزایش وزن : بسیاری از زنان در طی دوره یائسگی و بعد از یائسگی به اضافه وزن دچار می شوند زیرا متابولیسم بدن کاهش می یابد . برای حفظ وزن بهتر است ورزش مناسب انجام داده و رژیم غذایی سالم داشته باشید .

به نام خدا آواطب متولی برگزاری دانش سلامتی به زبان ساده و قابل فهم برگزار می کند کلاس آموزشی چهارروزه گلچینی از «گلستان طب سنتی» با آموزش مطالب پر کاربرد و کلیدی طب سنتی همراه با تدابیر مجرب «غذایی و دارویی و یداوی » ساعت برگزاری سی و دو ساعت به همراه پذیرایی استراحت و ناهار و ارائه جزوه به صورت دو کلاس دوروزه پنج شنبه وجمعه یک هفته درمیان تاریخ برگزاری دوروزه اول: تاریخ برگزاری دوروزه دوم: شهریه کامل نهصد و هشتاد هزارتومان شهریه هر کلاس دوروزه چهارصد ونود هزارتومان ثبت نام 09226015242 اطلاعات فنی 09127596980 لطفا سلام و پیام آواطب رو به دوستان وهمکاران برسونید  

به نام خدا تاریخ طب سنتی به تاریخ گروهی از شیوه های پزشکی متنوع گفته می شود که در مجموع در سال های 1970 به عنوان «پزشکی جایگزین» به منظور جمع آوری تاریخچه های فردی از اعضای آن گروه یا به تاریخ طبقات پزشکی غربی ارتقا یافت . “روش های نامنظم” توسط موسسه پزشکی غربی شامل : تاریخچه پزشکی تکمیلی و پزشکی جامع است . ” طب سنتی ” مجموعه ای از محصولات ، شیوه ها و نظریه های تعریف شده و بسیار متنوعی است که توسط کاربران آن درک شده است تا اثرات شفا بخش پزشکی را درک کنند ، اما از شواهد جمع آوری شده با استفاده از روش علمی حاصل نشده است  . بخشی از بیومدیکس نیستند  ,  یا با شواهد علمی یا علمی ثابت شده تناقض دارند “Biomedicine” بخشي از علم پزشکی است که اصول آناتومی ، فيزيک ، شیمی ، زيست شناسی ، فيزيولوژی و ساير علوم طبيعی را به روش بالينی  با استفاده از روش های علمی برای اثربخشی اين عمل به کار می گیرد . بخش عمده ای از آنچه در حال حاضر به عنوان طب سنتی دسته بندی شده به عنوان سیستم های مستقل و کامل پزشکی توسعه داده شد . به عنوان مثال طب سنتی چینی و داروهای آیورودای هند از همین گروه هستند . سایر شیوه های پزشکی جایگزین ، مانند هومیوپاتی، در غرب اروپا و در مخالفت با طب غربی توسعه یافت ، در حالی که طب غربی بر اساس نظریه های غیر علمی بود که توسط مقامات مذهبی غربی تحمیل شده بود. هومیوپاتی قبل از کشف اصول اساسی شیمی ، توسعه یافت که اثبات کرد داروهای هومیوپاتی چیزی جز آب ندارند . اما هومیوپاتی با استفاده از داروهای ساخته شده از آب ، در مقایسه با پزشکی غربی علمی و خطرناک ارتدوکس غربی که در آن زمان تجویز شده بود ، شامل استفاده از سموم و تخلیه خون بود ، که اغلب باعث نابودی دائمی یا مرگ می شد ، بی ضرر بود . سایر شیوه های جایگزین مانند پزشکی جراحی روان شناختی و استئوپاتیک در ایالات متحده در زمانی که پزشکی غربی در حال استفاده از روش ها و نظریه های علمی بود ، توسعه یافت اما مدل بیومدیک هنوز کاملا غالب بود . تمریناتی مانند کیهان شناسی و استئوپاتیک ، که هرکدام از آنها توسط مرکز پزشکی نامنظم است ، همچنین با قوانین صدور مجوز ، با یکدیگر اختلاف نظر دارند . تمرین کنندگان استئوپاتیک دوره های آموزشی و بیو مدیکال را برای صدور مجوز خود اضافه کردند و دارنده مجوز داره دکترهای پزشکی پوکی استخوان شروع به کاهش استفاده از ریشه های غیر علمی این رشته کرده و بدون عمل و نظریه های اصلی ، در حال حاضر همانند زیست پزشکی است . درباره درمان با طب سنتی یا همان محلی در کتب و نسخ قدیمی مطالبی درج شده است که سابقه درمان با طب سنتی را مشخص می کند .  مطالعه گیاهان 5000 سال قبل از باستان شروع شده است که توصیف خوبی از گیاهان دارویی را توصیف می کند .  در طب سنتی مصر، Ebers papyrus از c. 1552 پیش از میلاد، فهرستی از داروهای قومی و شیوه های پزشکی جادویی را ثبت می کند. عهد عتیق همچنین در مورد Kashrut اشاره به استفاده از گیاه و کشت آن ها در مزارع وسیعی دارد. بسیاری از گیاهان و مواد معدنی مورد استفاده در آیورودا توسط گیاه پزشکان باستانی هندی مانند چاراكا و سوشروتا در هزاره اول پیش از میلاد توصیف شده اند . اولین کتاب گیاهی چینی، Shennong بنکائو جینگ بود ، که در طول سلسله هان جمع آوری شده بود، اما به تاریخ خیلی زودتر رسید ، که بعدها به عنوان Yaoxing Lun (رساله در مورد طبیعت گیاهان دارویی) در طول سلسله تانگ تکمیل شد . کمپایلرانی که قبلا در طب سنتی یونان شناخته شده از دانش گیاهی موجود و فعلی هستند ، شامل پیثاقور و پیروان او ، هپقراط ، ارسطو ، تئوفراث ، دیوسکوریدز و گالن هستند. داروهای بومی عربی از اختلاف بین طب سنتی مبتنی بر سحر و جادو از Bedouins و ترجمه عربی از سنت های پزشکی هلنی و آیورودا توسعه یافته است . داروهای بومی که در درمان با طب سنتی در اسپانیا استفاده می شدند ,  تحت تأثیر اعراب از 711 تا 1492 قرار گرفتند . درمان از طریق طب سنتی توسط پزشکان اسلامی و گیاه شناسان مسلمان مانند الدینوار و ابن بابیت به طور معنی داری در مورد دانش پیشین materia medica گسترش یافتند . معروف ترین رساله پزشکی فارسی کانون پزشکی آوینین بود که پیش از فارماکوپه بود و آزمایش های بالینی را معرفی کرد .  کانن در قرن دوازدهم به لاتین ترجمه شد و تا قرن هفدهم به عنوان یک مجله پزشکی در اروپا باقی ماند . سیستم Unani پزشکی سنتی نیز بر اساس کانن است. ترجمه های مقدماتی اولیه ی رومی و یونانی به وسیله یونانیموس بوک به آلمانی تبدیل شد که گیاهان آن، که در سال 1546 منتشر شد، Kreuter Buch نام گرفتند. این کتاب به هلندی به عنوان Pemptades توسط  Rembert Dodoens  (1517-1585) و از هلندی به انگلیسی توسط  Carolus Clusius  (1609-1526)، که توسط هنری لیت در سال 1578 به عنوان A Nievve Herball منتشر شد ، ترجمه شده است . در اواسط قرن بیستم، طب سنتی به عنوان یک شیوه ای که توسط جوامع دارای درآمد پایین با زاد و ولد بالا مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت ، مورد توجه قرار گرفت . با این حال ، محصولات مصنوعی یا زیست پزشکی توسط برخی از بخش های جامعه غربی مورد پرسش قرار گرفته است ، که به علاقه به داروهای طبیعی کمک می کند . شیوع طب عادی در مناطق خاص جهان با توجه به رفتار ها و شیوه های فرهنگی متفاوت است . برخی از داروهای مدرن بر پایه فیتو شیمیایی گیاهی است که در طب سنتی استفاده شده است . محققان اظهار داشتند که بسیاری از درمان های جایگزین “به طور آماری از درمان های دارو نما قابل تشخیص نیست . داروهای بومی معمولا به صورت خوراکی از طریق جامعه، خانواده و افراد منتقل می شود . در یک فرهنگ خاص ، عناصر دانش پزشکی بومی ممکن است توسط بسیاری از افراد شناخته شده باشد یا ممکن است توسط کسانی که  نقش خاصی در شفا دهنده ها داشته باشند توسعه یابد . سه عامل مشارکت , نقش شفا دهنده و اعتقادات خود شخص باعث موفقیت درمان با طب سنتی و بالا رفتن اعتقادات مثبت در جامعه است. عناصر در یک فرهنگ خاص لزوما به یک سیستم منسجم متصل نیستند و ممکن است متناقض باشند. در کارائیب، درمان های بومی به چندین دسته تقسیم می شوند: برخی از گیاهان دارویی شناخته شده اروپایی که توسط استعمار اولیه اسپانیایی معرفی می شوند که هنوز هم معمولا کشت می شوند؛ گیاهان وحشی و کشت بومی، استفاده از آن از آمریکایی ها پذیرفته شده است ؛ و گیاهان زینتی و یا سایر گیاهان نسبتا اخیر که برای استفاده های طبی بدون هیچ گونه تاریخی اختراع شده اند .

به نام خدا Overview If you and your partner are struggling to have a baby, you’re not alone. Ten to 15 percent of couples in the United States are infertile. Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that interfere with pregnancy. Fortunately, there are many safe and effective therapies that significantly improve your chances of getting pregnant. Symptoms The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. There may be no other obvious symptoms. Sometimes, an infertile woman may have irregular or absent menstrual periods. Rarely, an infertile man may have some signs of hormonal problems, such as changes in hair growth or sexual function. Most couples will eventually conceive, with or without treatment. When to see a doctor You probably don’t need to see a doctor about infertility unless you have been trying regularly to conceive for at least one year. Talk with your doctor earlier, however, if you’re a woman and: You’re age 35 to 40 and have been trying to conceive for six months or longer You’re over age 40 You menstruate irregularly or not at all Your periods are very painful You have known fertility problems You’ve been diagnosed with endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease You’ve had multiple miscarriages You’ve undergone treatment for cancer Talk with your doctor if you’re a man and: You have a low sperm count or other problems with sperm You have a history of testicular, prostate or sexual problems You’ve undergone treatment for cancer You have testicles that are small in size or swelling in the scrotum known as a varicocele You have others in your family with infertility problems All of the steps during ovulation and fertilization need to happen correctly in order to get pregnant. Sometimes the issues that cause infertility in couples are present at birth, and sometimes they develop later in life. Infertility causes can affect one or both partners. In general: In about one-third of cases, there is an issue with the male. In about one-third of cases, there is an issue with the female. In the remaining cases, there are issues with both the male and female, or no cause can be identified. Causes of male infertility These may include: Abnormal sperm production or function due to undescended testicles, genetic defects, health problems such as diabetes or infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, mumps or HIV. Enlarged veins in the testes (varicocele) can also affect the quality of sperm. Problems with the delivery of sperm due to sexual problems, such as premature ejaculation; certain genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis; structural problems, such as a blockage in the testicle; or damage or injury to the reproductive organs. Overexposure to certain environmental factors,such as pesticides and other chemicals, and radiation. Cigarette smoking, alcohol, marijuana or taking certain medications, such as select antibiotics, antihypertensives, anabolic steroids or others, can also affect fertility. Frequent exposure to heat, such as in saunas or hot tubs, can raise the core body temperature and may affect sperm production. Damage related to cancer and its treatment, including radiation or chemotherapy. Treatment for cancer can impair sperm production, sometimes severely. Causes of female infertility Causes of female infertility may include: Ovulation disorders, which affect the release of eggs from the ovaries. These include hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Hyperprolactinemia, a condition in which you have too much prolactin — the hormone that stimulates breast milk production — may also interfere with ovulation. Either too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) can affect the menstrual cycle or cause infertility. Other underlying causes may include excessive exercise, eating disorders, injury or tumors. Uterine or cervical abnormalities, including abnormalities with the opening of the cervix, polyps in the uterus or the shape of the uterus. Noncancerous (benign) tumors in the uterine wall (uterine fibroids) may rarely cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes. More often, fibroids interfere with implantation of the fertilized egg. Fallopian tube damage or blockage, often caused by inflammation of the fallopian tube (salpingitis). This can result from pelvic inflammatory disease, which is usually caused by a sexually transmitted infection, endometriosis or adhesions. Endometriosis, which occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus, may affect the function of the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. Primary ovarian insufficiency (early menopause), when the ovaries stop working and menstruation ends before age 40. Although the cause is often unknown, certain factors are associated with early menopause, including immune system diseases, certain genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome or carriers of Fragile X syndrome, radiation or chemotherapy treatment, and smoking. Pelvic adhesions, bands of scar tissue that bind organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery. Other causes in women include: Cancer and its treatment. Certain cancers — particularly female reproductive cancers — often severely impair female fertility. Both radiation and chemotherapy may affect fertility. Other conditions. Medical conditions associated with delayed puberty or the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), such as celiac disease, poorly controlled diabetes and some autoimmune diseases such as lupus, can affect a woman’s fertility. Genetic abnormalities also can make conception and pregnancy less likely. Risk factors Many of the risk factors for both male and female infertility are the same. They include: Age. A woman’s fertility gradually declines with age, especially in her mid-30s, and it drops rapidly after age 37. Infertility in older women may be due to the number and quality of eggs, or to health problems that affect fertility. Men over age 40 may be less fertile than younger men are and may have higher rates of certain medical conditions in offspring, such as psychiatric disorders or certain cancers. Tobacco use. Smoking tobacco or marijuana by either partner reduces the likelihood of pregnancy. Smoking also reduces the possible benefit of fertility treatment. Miscarriages are more frequent in women who smoke. Smoking can increase the risk of erectile dysfunction and a low sperm count in men. Alcohol use. For women, there’s no safe level of alcohol use during conception or pregnancy. Avoid alcohol if you’re planning to become pregnant. Alcohol use increases the risk of birth defects, and may contribute to infertility. For men, heavy alcohol use can decrease sperm count and motility. Being overweight. Among American women, an inactive lifestyle and being overweight may increase the risk of infertility. A man’s sperm count may also be affected if he is overweight. Being underweight. Women at risk of fertility problems include those with eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia, and women who follow a very low calorie or restrictive diet. Exercise issues. Insufficient exercise contributes to obesity, which increases the risk of infertility. Less often, ovulation problems may be associated with frequent strenuous, intense exercise in women who are not overweight. Prevention Some types of infertility aren’t preventable. But several strategies may increase your chances of pregnancy. Couples Have regular intercourse several times around the time of ovulation for the highest pregnancy rate. Having intercourse beginning at least 5 days before and until a day after ovulation improves your chances of getting pregnant. Ovulation usually occurs at the middle of the cycle — halfway between menstrual periods — for most women with menstrual cycles about 28 days apart. Men For men, although most types of infertility aren’t preventable, these strategies may help: Avoid drug and tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, which may contribute to male infertility. Avoid high temperatures, as this can affect sperm production and motility. Although this effect is usually temporary, avoid hot tubs and steam baths. Avoid exposure to industrial or environmental toxins, which can impact sperm production. Limit medications that may impact fertility, both prescription and nonprescription drugs. Talk with your doctor about any medications you take regularly, but don’t stop taking prescription medications without medical advice. Exercise moderately. Regular exercise may improve sperm quality and increase the chances for achieving a pregnancy. Women For women, a number of strategies may increase the chances of becoming pregnant: Quit smoking. Tobacco has multiple negative effects on fertility, not to mention your general health and the health of a fetus. If you smoke and are considering pregnancy, quit now. Avoid alcohol and street drugs. These substances may impair your ability to conceive and have a healthy pregnancy. Don’t drink alcohol or use recreational drugs, such as marijuana or cocaine. Limit caffeine. Women trying to get pregnant may want to limit caffeine intake. Ask your doctor for guidance on the safe use of caffeine. Exercise moderately. Regular exercise is important, but exercising so intensely that your periods are infrequent or absent can affect fertility. Avoid weight extremes. Being overweight or underweight can affect your hormone production and cause infertility. Diagnosis Before infertility testing, your doctor or clinic works to understand your sexual habits and may make recommendations based on these. In some infertile couples, no specific cause is found (unexplained infertility). Infertility evaluation can be expensive, and sometimes involves uncomfortable procedures. Many medical plans may not reimburse the cost of fertility treatment. Finally, there’s no guarantee — even after all the testing and counseling — that you’ll get pregnant. Tests for men Male fertility requires that the testicles produce enough healthy sperm, and that the sperm is ejaculated effectively into the woman’s vagina and travels to the egg. Tests for male infertility attempt to determine whether any of these processes are impaired. You may have a general physical exam, including examination of your genitals. Specific fertility tests may include: Semen analysis. Your doctor may ask for one or more semen specimens. Semen is generally obtained by masturbating or by interrupting intercourse and ejaculating your semen into a clean container. A lab analyzes your semen specimen. In some cases, sperm may be tested for in the urine. Hormone testing. You may have a blood test to determine the level of testosterone and other male hormones. Genetic testing. Genetic testing may be done to determine whether there’s a genetic defect causing infertility. Testicular biopsy. In select cases, a testicular biopsy may be performed to identify abnormalities contributing to infertility and to retrieve sperm to use with assisted reproductive techniques, such as IVF. Imaging. In certain situations, imaging studies such as a brain MRI, bone mineral density scan, transrectal or scrotal ultrasound, or a test of the vas deferens (vasography) may be performed. Other specialty testing. In rare cases, other tests to evaluate the quality of the sperm may be performed, such as evaluating a semen specimen for DNA abnormalities. Fertility for women relies on the ovaries releasing healthy eggs. Her reproductive tract must allow an egg to pass into her fallopian tubes and join with sperm for fertilization. The fertilized egg must travel to the uterus and implant in the lining. Tests for female infertility attempt to determine whether any of these processes are impaired. You may have a general physical exam, including a regular gynecological exam. Specific fertility tests may include: Ovulation testing. A blood test measures hormone levels to determine whether you’re ovulating. Hysterosalpingography. Hysterosalpingography (his-tur-o-sal-ping-GOG-ruh-fee) evaluates the condition of your uterus and fallopian tubes and looks for blockages or other problems. X-ray contrast is injected into your uterus, and an X-ray is taken to determine if the cavity is normal and ensure the fluid spills out of your fallopian tubes. Ovarian reserve testing. This testing helps determine the quality and quantity of the eggs available for ovulation. This approach often begins with hormone testing early in the menstrual cycle. Other hormone testing. Other hormone tests check levels of ovulatory hormones, as well as pituitary hormones that control reproductive processes. Imaging tests. Pelvic ultrasound looks for uterine or fallopian tube disease. Sometimes a hysterosonography (his-tur-o-suh-NOG-ruh-fee) is used to see details inside the uterus that are not seen on a regular ultrasound. Depending on your situation, rarely your testing may include: Hysteroscopy. Based on your symptoms, your doctor may request a hysteroscopy to look for uterine or fallopian tube disease. During hysteroscopy, your doctor inserts a thin, lighted device through your cervix into your uterus to view any potential abnormalities. Laparoscopy. This minimally invasive surgery involves making a small incision beneath your navel and inserting a thin viewing device to examine your fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus. A laparoscopy may identify endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities of the fallopian tubes, and problems with the ovaries and uterus. Genetic testing. Genetic testing helps determine whether there’s a genetic defect causing infertility. Not everyone needs to have all, or even many, of these tests before the cause of infertility is found. You and your doctor will decide which tests you will have and when. Treatment Infertility treatment depends on: What’s causing the infertility How long you’ve been infertile Your age and your partner’s age Personal preferences Some causes of infertility can’t be corrected. In cases where spontaneous pregnancy doesn’t happen, couples can often still achieve a pregnancy through use of assisted reproductive technology. Infertility treatment may involve significant financial, physical, psychological and time commitments. Treatment for men Men’s options can include treatment for general sexual problems or lack of healthy sperm. Treatment may include: Altering lifestyle factors. Improving lifestyle and behavioral factors can improve chances for pregnancy, including discontinuing select medications, reducing/eliminating harmful substances, improving frequency and timing of intercourse, establishing regular exercise, and optimizing other factors that may otherwise impair fertility. Medications. Certain medications may improve a man’s sperm count and likelihood for achieving a successful pregnancy. These medicines may increase testicular function, including sperm production and quality. Surgery. In select conditions, surgery may be able to reverse a sperm blockage and restore fertility. In other cases, surgically repairing a varicocele may improve overall chances for pregnancy. Sperm retrieval. These techniques obtain sperm when ejaculation is a problem or when no sperm are present in the ejaculated fluid. They may also be used in cases where assisted reproductive techniques are planned and sperm counts are low or otherwise abnormal. Treatment for women Although a woman may need just one or two therapies to restore fertility, it’s possible that several different types of treatment may be needed before she’s able to conceive. Stimulating ovulation with fertility drugs. Fertility drugs are the main treatment for women who are infertile due to ovulation disorders. These medications regulate or induce ovulation. Talk with your doctor about fertility drug options — including the benefits and risks of each type. Intrauterine insemination (IUI). During IUI, healthy sperm are placed directly in the uterus around the time the woman’s ovary releases one or more eggs to be fertilized. Depending on the reasons for infertility, the timing of IUI can be coordinated with your normal cycle or with fertility medications. Surgery to restore fertility. Uterine problems such as endometrial polyps, a uterine septum or intrauterine scar tissue can be treated with hysteroscopic surgery. Assisted reproductive technology Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is any fertility treatment in which the egg and sperm are handled. An ART health team includes physicians, psychologists, embryologists, lab technicians, nurses and allied health professionals who work together to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common ART technique. IVF involves stimulating and retrieving multiple mature eggs from a woman, fertilizing them with a man’s sperm in a dish in a lab, and implanting the embryos in the uterus three to five days after fertilization. Other techniques are sometimes used in an IVF cycle, such as: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A single healthy sperm is injected directly into a mature egg. ICSI is often used when there is poor semen quality or quantity, or if fertilization attempts during prior IVF cycles failed. Assisted hatching. This technique assists the implantation of the embryo into the lining of the uterus by opening the outer covering of the embryo (hatching). Donor eggs or sperm. Most ART is done using the woman’s own eggs and her partner’s sperm. However, if there are severe problems with either the eggs or sperm, you may choose to use eggs, sperm or embryos from a known or anonymous donor. Gestational carrier. Women who don’t have a functional uterus or for whom pregnancy poses a serious health risk might choose IVF using a gestational carrier. In this case, the couple’s embryo is placed in the uterus of the carrier for pregnancy. Complications of treatment Complications of infertility treatment may include: Multiple pregnancy. The most common complication of infertility treatment is a multiple pregnancy — twins, triplets or more. Generally, the greater the number of fetuses, the higher the risk of premature labor and delivery, as well as problems during pregnancy such as gestational diabetes. Babies born prematurely are at increased risk of health and developmental problems. Talk to your doctor about ways to prevent a multiple pregnancy before you begin treatment. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Fertility medications to induce ovulation can cause OHSS, in which the ovaries become swollen and painful. Symptoms may include mild abdominal pain, bloating and nausea that lasts about a week, or longer if you become pregnant. Rarely, a more severe form causes rapid weight gain and shortness of breath requiring emergency treatment. Bleeding or infection. As with any invasive procedure, there is a rare risk of bleeding or infection with assisted reproductive technology. ناباروری زمانی اتفاق می افتد که یک زوج نمی تواند پس از داشتن رابطه جنسی منظم و محافظت نشده ، بچه دار شوند. ممکن است یک مرد نتواند در رابطه جنسی و در حاملگی نقش آفرینی کند و یا اینکه یک زن قادر به بارداری و یا نگه داشتن جنین  نباشد . تعریف ناباروری را می توان بدین صورت بیان کرد : اگر پس از 12 ماه رابطه جنسی منظم و کنترل نشده بارداری صورت نگیرد ، آن زوج مشکوک به بیماری ناباروری هستند. در سراسر جهان، 8 تا 12 درصد از زوج ها مشکلات باروری را تجربه می کنند. تحقیقات انجام شده نشان می دهد بین 45 تا 50 درصد موارد از عواملی است که آقایان بر آن تاثیر می گذارند.   علت ناباروری در مردان : موارد زیر علل شایع ناباروری در مردان است . مایع منی و اسپرم مایع منی ، مایع شیری رنگی است که از آلت تناسلی آقایان در هنگام ارگاسم آزاد می شود. آب منی شامل مایع و اسپرم است. این مایع ازغده پروستات، کیسه منی، و دیگر غدد جنسی می آید . اسپرم در بیضه تولید می شود. هنگامی که در بدن یک مرد مایع منی تولید می شود و از طریق آلت تناسلی خارج می شود ، مایع منی منجر به انتقال اسپرم به سمت تخمک در داخل رحم می شود. مشکلات زیر ممکن است در آقایان ایجاد شود : تعداد کم اسپرم : آقایانی که در هنگام خروج منی خود تعداد کم اسپرم دارند در باروری مشکل دارند . تعداد اسپرم باید حداقل 15 میلیون در هر انزال باشد . حدود یک سوم از زوج ها به علت کم بودن تعداد اسپرم، مشکل دارند. تحرک آرام اسپرم ( مشکل حرکتی ): به شرایطی گفته می شود که اسپرم نتواند حرکت کند و خود را به تخمک برساند . اسپرم غیر طبیعی: اسپرم ممکن است شکل غیر معمولی داشته باشد و نمی تواند به تخمک برسد و آن را بارور کند . اگر اسپرم شکل درستی نداشته باشد و یا با سرعت و غلطت کامل به تخمک نرسد ، ممكن است قابلیت باروری خود را از دست بدهد . بر اساس تحقیقات انجام شده حدود 2 درصد از مردان دارای اسپرم با شکل نا متعارف هستند . منی غیر طبیعی ممکن است قادر به انتقال اسپرم به طور موثر نباشد. این مشکل می تواند از موارد زیر ایجاد شود : یک وضعیت پزشکی : این موضوع می تواند یک عفونت بیضه، سرطان یا جراحی باشد. بیضه ها بیش از حد در گرم باشند : از نتایج آن می توان به واریکوسل یا ورید واریسی در اسکروتوم اشاره کرد .همچنین استفاده از سونا یا حمام های داغ، پوشیدن لباس های تنگ و کار در محیط های گرم به بیضه ها آسیب می رساند . اختلالات در انزال: اگر مجاری بیرون کننده آب منی مسدود شوند، منی ممکن است به مثانه منتقل شود عدم تعادل هورمونی: به عنوان مثال، هیپوگونادیزم می تواند به کمبود تستوسترون منجر شود. از علل دیگر می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد : عوامل ژنتیکی: انسان باید یک کروموزوم X و Y داشته باشد. اگر او دو کروموزوم X و یک کروموزوم Y داشته باشد، همانطور که در سندرم کلین فلتر ، بیضه ها به طور غیر طبیعی رشد می کنند در نتیجه تستوسترون کم ، مقدار اسپرم کم یا بدون اسپرم وجود خواهد داشت. صرع: اگر این اتفاق بعد از بلوغ رخ دهد، التهاب بیضه ها ممکن است بر تولید اسپرم تاثیر بگذارد. هیپوسپادیاس : باز شدن مجرا زیر آلت تناسلی مرد به جای نوک آن را گویند . این اختلال معمولا در نوزادان با جراحی تصحیح می شود. اگر تصحیح انجام نشود، ممکن است برای رسیدن اسپرم به رحم زن مشکل ایجاد شود . هیپوسپادیاس در حدود 1 مورد در هر 500 پسران نوزاد ایجاد می شود. پرتودرمانی : این کار می تواند تولید اسپرم را مختل کند. شدت از بین رفتن اسپرم معمولا بستگی به نزدیک شدن پرتو درمانی به بیضه ها دارد . برخی بیماری ها: شرایطی که بعضی اوقات با باروری پایین تر در مردان ارتباط دارد عبارتند از کم خونی، سندرم کوشینگ، دیابت و بیماری تیروئید . بعضی ازموارد زیر خطر ابتلا به مشکلات باروری در مردان را افزایش می دهند. شیمی درمانی: بعضی از انواع شیمی درمانی ممكن است میزان اسپرم را به میزان قابل توجهی كاهش دهند. سن: باروری مردان بعد از 40 سال شروع به کاهش می کند. قرار گرفتن در معرض مواد شیمیایی: برای مثال، آفت کش ها ممکن است خطر کاهش اسپرم را افزایش دهند. مصرف الکل بیش از حد: این عامل ممکن است باروری مردانه را کاهش دهد.پ اضافه وزن یا چاقی: چاقی در آقایان احتمال باروری را کاهش می دهد. استرس ذهنی: استرس می تواند یک عامل محرک باشد، به خصوص اگر باعث کاهش فعالیت جنسی شود. علل ناباروری در بانوان : ناباروری در زنان همچنین می تواند طیفی از علل را داشته باشد. عوامل خطرساز عوامل خطرساز که باعث افزایش احتمال نازایی می شوند عبارتند از: سن: توانایی بارداری از حدود سنی 32 سالگی شروع به کاهش می کند. سیگار کشیدن: سیگار کشیدن به طور قابل توجهی خطر ناباروری را در مردان و زنان افزایش می دهد و ممکن است تاثیر درمان های بارداری را کاهش دهد . سیگار کشیدن در دوران بارداری احتمال سقط را افزایش می دهد . همچنین دود سیگار نیز در ارتباط با کاهش نرخ باروری تاثیر دارد . الکل : هر مقدار از مصرف الکل می تواند شانس باروری را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد . چاقی یا اضافه وزن : این موضوع می تواند خطر ناباروری را در زنان و مردان افزایش دهد. اختلال در خوردن : اگر در نحوه خوردن غذا اختلال باشد و منجر به کاهش وزن شدید شود، مشکلات باروری ممکن است بوجود آید. رژیم غذایی : فقدان اسید فولیک، آهن، روی و ویتامین B-12 بر روی باروری تاثیر می گذارد. زنانی که در معرض خطر هستند، از جمله افرادی که رژیم گیاهخواری دارند ، باید از پزشک درباره مکملهای مورد نیاز بدن سوال کنند. ورزش: تمرینات بیش از حد و یا بسیارکم ممکن است منجر به مشکلات باروری شود. عفونت های منتقله از راه جنسی (STIs) : کلامیدیا می تواند به لوله های فالوپ در یک زن را آسیب برساند و باعث التهاب در بیضه های آقایان می شود. برخی دیگر از عفونت های منطقله از رابطه جنسی نیز ممکن است باعث ناباروری شوند. قرار گرفتن در معرض برخی از مواد شیمیایی : برخی از آفت کش ها، علف کش ها و فلزاتی مانند سرب و حلال ها با ایجاد مشکلات باروری در مردان و زنان مرتبط است . مطالعه کمی نشان می دهد که مواد تشکیل دهنده برخی مواد شوینده خانگی هم ممکن است باروری را کاهش دهند. استرس ذهنی : این مورد ممکن است بر تخمک گذاری زن و تولید اسپرم مردانه تاثیر گذارد و می تواند منجر به کاهش فعالیت جنسی شود. شرایط پزشکی : برخی از شرایط پزشکی می تواند باروری را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. اختلالات تخمک گذاری شایع ترین علت ناباروری در زنان است . تخمک گذاری به آزاد شدن هر تخمک از تخمدان را گویند . تخمک ها ممکن است هرگز آزاد نشوند و یا فقط در برخی از دوره ها آزاد شوند. اختلالات تخمک گذاری می تواند به علت: از کار افتادن زودرس تخمدان : تخمدانها قبل از 40 سالگی کار تخمک گذاری را متوقف می کنند. سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک (PCOS): تخمدان غیر طبیعی عمل می کند و تخمک گذاری ممکن نیست. هیپرپرولاکتینمی: اگر سطح پرولاکتین بالا باشد و زن باردار نباشد و یا شیردهی نداشته باشد ، ممکن است تخمک گذاری و باروری را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. کیفیت ضعیف تخمک : تخمک هایی که آسیب دیده یا ناهنجاری های ژنتیکی ایجاد می کنند، نمی توانند بارداری را حفظ کنند. هر چه زنان مسن تر باشند، خطر بالاتر است. مشکلات تیروئید : یک غده تیروئید بیش از حد فعال یا غیر فعال می تواند منجر به عدم تعادل هورمونی شود. شرایط سخت : این شرایط شامل ایدز یا سرطان است. مشکلات رحم و یا لوله های فالوپ می تواند مانع از انتقال تخمک از تخمدان به رحم یا رحم شود . اگر تخمک حرکت نکند طبیعی است که باروری اتفاق نیوفتد. علل حرکت نکردن تخمک هاعبارتند از: جراحی : جراحی لگن گاهی اوقات می تواند باعث آسیب به لوله های فالوپی شود . جراحی گردن رحم گاهی اوقات ممکن است باعث التهاب و یا کوتاه شدن دهانه رحم شود. دهانه رحم همان گردن رحم است. فیبروئید زیر جلدی: تومورهای خوش خیم یا غیر سرطانی در دیواره عضلانی رحم رخ می دهد. آنها می توانند با لانه گزینی در دیواره ها لوله های فالوپ را مسدود کنند و مانع اسپرم از باروری تخمک ها شود . فیبروئید های بزرگ می توانند فک و صورت رحم را بزرگ کنند و ابعاد حفره رحم را گسترش دهند و در نتیجه فاصله ای را که اسپرم به آن نیاز دارد تا به رحم برسد افزایش می دهد. آندومتریوز: سلول هایی که معمولا در داخل رحم قرار می گیرند شروع به رشد در جاهای دیگر بدن می کنند. درمان عقیم سازی قبلی: در زنانی که قبلا لوله های فالوپ خود را مسدود کرده اند می توان روند را معکوس کرد و لوله هارا باز کرد اما شانس باروری بسیار کم می شود . داروها، درمان، و مواد مخدر برخی از داروها می توانند باروری در یک زن را تحت تاثیر قرار دهند. داروهای ضد التهابی غیراستروئیدی (NSAIDs) : استفاده طولانی مدت از آسپیرین یا ایبوپروفن ممکن است برای بارداری مشکل ایجاد کند . شیمی درمانی : بعضی از داروهای شیمی درمانی می توانند منجر به نارسایی تخمدان شوند و در برخی موارد ممکن است دائمی باشد . پرتودرمانی : در صورت نزدیک شدن به اندام های تولید مثل، این موضوع می تواند خطر ابتلا به مشکلات ناباروری را افزایش دهد. کلسترول : یک مطالعه نشان داده است که سطوح کلسترول بالا ممکن است بر باروری زنان تاثیر بگذارد. معالجه : درمان ناباروری به عوامل بسیاری از جمله سن فردی که مایل است باردار شود ، مدت زمان ناباروری ، سلیقه شخصی و وضعیت سلامت عمومی آنها بستگی دارند . دفعات مقاربت : به یک زوج ممکن است توصیه شود که مقاربت جنسی بیشتر در دوران تخمک گذاری داشته باشند. اسپرم میتواند تا 5 روز در داخل رحم زنده بماند، در حالی که تخمک میتواند تا 1 روز پس از تخمک گذاری بارور شود . بر اساس این تئوری، ممکن است در هر یک از این 6 روز که قبل و در طی تخمک گذاری مقارب رخ می دهد، بارداری صورت گیرد . برخی معتقدند که تعداد دفعاتی که یک زن و شوهر مقاربت می کند باید افزایش یابد تا میزان اسپرم افزایش یابد اما در بسیاری موارد تاثیر گذار نمی باشد .   درمان های باروری برای مردان درمان بستگی به علت اصلی ناباروری دارد. اختلال نعوظ یا انزال زودرس : داروها، رویکردهای رفتاری یا هر دو آنها می توانند به بهبود باروری کمک کنند. واریکوسل : جراحی و برداشتن وریدهای واریسی در کیسه بیضه ممکن است کمک کند. انسداد مجاری انزال : اسپرم می تواند به طور مستقیم از بیضه ها استخراج و به داخل تخمک در آزمایشگاه تزریق شود. کاهش انزال:  اسپرم را می توان به طور مستقیم از مثانه کشید و به تخمک در آزمایشگاه تزریق کرد . جراحی برای انسداد اپیدیدیم : یک اپیدیدیم مسدود شده را می توان جراحی کرد. اپیدیدیم یک ساختار کویل مانند در بیضه ها است که به ذخیره و انتقال اسپرم کمک می کند. اگر اپیدیدیم مسدود شود، اسپرم ممکن است به درستی خارج نشود.

به نام خدا مزاج : طبیعتی سرد دارد خواص درمانی : آووکادو تقویت کننده معده است نفخ و گاز معده را از بین می برد جوشانده برگهای آووکادو اسهال خونی را برطرف می کند برای درمان یرقان مفید است آووکادو تقویت کننده بدن است آووکادو خون ساز است و آنهایی که مبتلا به کم خونی هستند باید از آو وکادو استفاده کنند آووکادو رشد بچه ها را جلو می اندازد زیرا دارای مواد معدنی بسیاری است چون آووکادو شکر و مواد نشاسته ای کمی دارد برای آنهایی که بیماری قند دارند نیز مناسب است جوشانده برگهای آووکادو قاعده آور است خستگی را برطرف می کند بیخوابی را درمان می کند زیرا دارای تریپتوفان است اگر به کم خونی دچار هستید حتما با شام خود آووکادو بخورید برای دوره نقاهت به مریض آووکادو بدهید . ضعف عمومی را برطرف می کند ناراحتی روده و معده را معالجه می کند مضرات : آووکادو را با احتیاط مصرف کنید چرا که می تواند به بدنتان شک وارد کند. اگر آووکادو خوردید و دهانتان تورم کرد ، کهیر زدید ، نفستان به مشکل خورد یا در بلعیدن غذاها با مشکل مواجه شدید ، سریعا به اورژانس مراجعه کنید